In the patients who developed a pathologically-confirmed PTLD, the mean sZEBRA value in cases, was 399 ng/mL +/− 141 versus 53ng/mL +/− 7 in patients who did not (p < 0,001). All the samples from a control population (30 EBV-seronegative subjects and 25 immunocompetent individuals with EBV serological reactivation), classified as sZEBRA 200 copies/mL) and sZEBRA were detectable in 51% and 60% of cases, respectively. We retrospectively investigated a population of 66 transplanted patients comprising 35 PTLD.
Here, we use an antigen-capture ELISA assay specifically designed to detecting the circulating soluble ZEBRA (sZEBRA) in serum samples (threshold value determined at 40ng/mL). Several studies highlighted the critical role of EBV lytic infection as a risk factor for lymphoproliferative disorders like post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD). The ZEBRA protein (encoded by the BZLF1 gene), is the major transcription factor of EBV, expressed upon EBV lytic cycle activation.
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